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A Review Article on Hyperlipidemia: Types, Treatments and New Drug Targets
Adrija Sarkar*, Ashok Pattnaik
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology,
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra,
Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 835215
Email: [email protected]
Abstract:
Hyperlipidemia is a medical condition characterized by an increase in one or more of the plasma lipids, including triglycerides, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids and or plasma lipoproteins including very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein along with reduced high-density lipoprotein levels. This elevation of plasma lipids and raised plasma cholesterol are major leading risk factors for coronary artery disease, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. Anti- hyperlipidaemic drugs are those that lower the levels of lipids and lipoproteins in the blood. Statins and fibrates are the primary anti-hyperlipidemic agents that are used for the treatment of elevated plasma cholesterol and triglycerides respectively, with the price of severe side effects on the muscles and the liver. Many agents such as lanosterol synthase inhibitors, squalene epoxidase inhibitors, diacylglycerol acyl transferase inhibitors, and ATP citrate lyase inhibitors have shown promising potential in treating hyperlipidemia in clinical trials. The present review focuses mainly on the types of hyperlipidemias, lipid metabolism, treatments and new drug targets for the treatment of elevated lipid profiles.
Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, lipid metabolism, coronary artery disease