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Abstract
Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn. (Synonym: O. sanctum; Common name: Krishna Tulsi; Purple Basil) is a household herb of India which is traditionally revered for its diverse medicinal properties. Current study was designed to optimize the suitable plant part for maximum recovery of the polyphenols from this herb, to achieve maximum therapeutic benefits linked with its antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties. In this study, chemical and biological profile of hydromethanolic extracts of different parts (leaf, stem and inflorescence) of Ocimum tenuiflorum were investigated simultaneously for the first time. Total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin contents were estimated spectrophotometrically. Identification of the individual secondary metabolites was performed using LC–MS. Antioxidant potentials (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, phosphomolybdenum, superoxide ion scavenging assay) were estimated and enzyme inhibition assays (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, xanthine oxidase) were performed. To compare other bioactivity antimicrobial and biofilm inhibitory potentials have been evaluated. Inflorescence extract exhibited the highest phenolic and anthocyanin content. Significantly (p<0.05) high antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and antimicrobial potential was found in inflorescence and leaf extract as compared to stem. Inflorescence extract exhibited comparatively better percentage biofilm inhibition against two biofilm-forming bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli). Chemical analysis confirmed the presence of Apigenin, Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid, Rosmarinic acid in all the three parts, other than these compounds inflorescence contains Syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, Luteolin, Sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid whereas Rutin, Gallic acid, Baicalin were identified in leaf and stem. These simultaneous and comparative assessments provide a brief overview on the chemical and biological propensities of Ocimum tenuiflorum with possibility of its use in the management of various ailments.
KEYWORDS: Polyphenols; Anthocyanin; Antioxidant; Antimicrobial; Biofilm inhibition.