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Abstract:
Breast cancer is the most widespread cancer and leading cause of death among women and very rarely in men. This constitutes the second most frequent non-skin type cancer and the fifth most prevalent cancer type. Every year, more than 1.5 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer. It typically develops from the breast's inner lining, more especially from its lobules, and over time, it takes over healthy breast tissues by opening up pathways to the lymph nodes in the underarm, minor organs, and other parts of the body, turning them from benign to metastasis. The hormone receptor status of this complicated malignancy can be either positive or negative. Triple negative breast cancer comes under the second broad class where the cancer cells lack the 3 main hormone receptors i.e., progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor. Risk factors like aging, taking hormonal pills, genetic predisposition etc. can contribute to TNBC (Triple-Negative Breast Cancer). Sudden suppression of p53 gene along with BRCA1(BReast CAncer gene) and BRCA2 gene mutation forms the primary pathophysiological aspect of triple negative breast cancer. Digital mammography and Automated Breast Ultrasound are the techniques currently in the use for diagnosis of this subtype. Some recent treatment approaches like immunotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates are providing new light to this incurable disease. This review has focused on the diagnosis aspect and the newer treatment approaches of triple negative breast cancer.
Keywords: Breast Cancer, HER2, TNBC, Estrogen, Progesterone