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Dysbiosis is the imbalance of the harmonious condition between beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in the gut where the amount of pathogen is unduly increased. Gut dysbiosis occurs due to high fat diet, poor sanitation, antibiotic consumptions and mode of birth and is the leading cause of different disorders like Inflammatory bowel disease, Irritable bowel syndrome and different metabolic disorders. Vitamin K2 (menaquinones) is a fat soluble vitamin found in intestine. The gut microbiome provides 50% of the daily need for vitamin K2. Menaquinones aid in preventing coronary calcification and enhancing bone health. Mice were given Ampicillin (250 mg/kg twice daily) orally for 14 days to cause gut dysbiosis. In a different group, vitamin K2 (100 mcg/kg once daily orally) was given for 21 days in addition to the antibiotic treatment period of 14 days. According to gene expression studies, antibiotics reduced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Firmicutes, and Clostridium, while vitamin K2 therapy increased their numbers. In biochemical tests, co-delivery of vitamin K2 lowers the fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated (FITC) dextran (4 KD) assay, a marker for intestinal permeability that is observed to be enhanced following antibiotic therapy. In addition, vitamin K2 decreased the gut dysbiosis - mediated rise in the inflammatory marker myeloperoxidase in the colon. In histopathology of intestine we also found that the change in the villi height and crypt depth was also reverted after the treatment group. From the outcomes of the recent research it can be concluded that vitamin K2 is a potent agent which could protect the gut flora by preventing antibiotic-associated gut dysbiosis, thereby lowered intestinal permeability and inflammation.
Keywords: Dysbiosis, Antibiotic, Vitamin K2, Gut permeability, inflammation