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Description
Microneedles are the type of micron scaled transdermal delivery system devices used to administer vaccines, drugs and other therapeutic agents. These microneedles are usually made from the hydrogel forming material which is solid in the dry state, can penetrate the stratum corneum layer of the skin then quickly absorbs the fluid from the viable skin and swell to form a more jelly like substance through this jelly we can deliver medicines there is no pain and no bleeding in its delivery process. Microneedles broadens the use of transdermal drug system by removing its limitations like inability of most drugs to enter the skin at therapeutic useful rates as microneedles increases the skin permeability of drugs especially for macromolecules. The advantages of microneedles as compared to a conventional hypodermic syringe that it has minimally invasive nature and no problem in its disposal. Microneedles is also seen as an alternative to oral administration of medicines like tablet and capsule as microneedles have the ability to enhance the bio availability of macro molecules like peptides and protein. With various technologies like 3D printing, microelectronics, microneedles are fabricated of various shapes, sizes, materials. They can be categorized into numerous types with each have their specific characteristics, solid, hollow, dissolving, porous microneedles. Most of the drug delivery system had focused on the use of solid microneedles for improving bioavailability, skin permeability for various molecules like nanoparticles. Hollow microneedles had recently developed to microinject insulin to diabetic rats. Porous microneedles have a very rising future in case of vaccine delivery system.
Keywords: Transdermal, skin permeability, nanoparticles, 3D printing, Bioavailability.