Herbal medicine is widely used globally to treat various diseases. Even though it does not lead to an immediate cure, the side effects are less compared to allopathic medicine. Cancer is one of the dreadful diseases killing millions of people worldwide. Antibiotic resistance is the major problem to tackle now as resistance had developed to many antibiotics. Discovery of new antibiotics is...
Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells. People with sickle cell disease have red blood cells that contain mostly hemoglobin S, an abnormal type of hemoglobin. The most common being Sickle Cell Anemia (SS), Sickle-Hemoglobin C Disease (SC), Sickle Beta- Plus Thalassemia and Sickle Beta-Zero Thalassemia. Health maintenance for patients with sickle cell...
Nanotechnology is an important area of science developed in 21$^{st}$ century, and it is being further advanced with time. Various new and modern technologies are utilized to produce different nanomaterials and nanoparticles now-a-days, and these are used in various fields of industries and society. Due to their random use, the nanomaterials are dumped improperly affecting the environment...
The rise of antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR) in tuberculosis (TB) and non-tubercular mycobacterial (NTM) infection coupled with the shortage of new antibiotics has elevated the global infectious disease to a major global health priority. Our studies revealed that carprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), inhibited the growth of replicating, non-replicating and...
Cannabinoids are the compounds that bind to cannabinoid receptors (endocannabinoid system), and they are one of the most-investigated groups of natural products. Cannabis sativa L. (family: Cannabaceae), an herbaceous medicinal plant from Central Asia, produces most of the ca. 150 naturally occurring cannabinoids, which are commonly known as ‘phytocannabinoids’. Among them,...
Assessment of pharmacokinetic (PK) drug-drug interaction (DDI) is an important requirement of drug development. This is necessary because characterizing the clinically relevant DDIs inform the dose adjustment strategy in patients receiving polypharmacy. However, typical drug development trials are restricted to adult population only (i.e., excluding children) due to ethical and logistical...
Computational studies are an essential part of research in Biochemistry today. The goal of theoretical investigation of biochemical processes is to gain a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism behind the process of study. It can further be used to predict the results of experiments. Protein Bioinformatics is a useful technique to understand biochemical processes of proteins on various...
Nanotechnology is revolutionizing global industrial output and pharmaceutical industry is showing immense interest in nanoproducts owing to the emerging era of infectious diseases. The global nanotechnology healthcare market is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 11.9% in the period ranging from 2020 to 2026 and is estimated to reach USD 461, 252 million by 2026. The sole share of this...
Biomaterials can be considered safe, but at nano size even a biomaterial can pose serious toxic issues to humans as well as a threat to the environment when compared to their macro or micro-sized counterparts. In humans, due to small size of nanocarriers, they can easily cross biological membrane and long exposure leads to their accumulation in cells, tissues and blood. Nanocarriers have...
Diarrhea is defined as the passage of more watery stools three or more times per day. It is the second leading cause of death in children under five years of old. Loperamide and other antibacterial drugs are usually preferred for treating diarrhea. Loperamide may cause addiction and cardiotoxicity. Phyllanthus amarus S. is traditionally used in treating many health problems such as jaundice,...
Formulate and evaluate microemulgel for skin pigmentation, containing a combination of Nigella sativa oil and Berberry extract. Nigella sativa oil is rich in thymoquinone, and berberry extract contains berberine. The solubility studies of nigella oil and berberry extract were conducted to select surfactants and cosurfactant. The pseudo ternary phase diagram was constructed based on the...
The main aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of temperature and exposure time on the extraction of Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia dillenii cladodes. Cladodes and other parts of plants were rarely extracted for their constituents from literature. Screening, however, was not conducted to determine the influence of dependent variables on independent responses. The impact...
The drug evaluation and bioassay of traditional herbs of various herbal systems are now getting more momentum throughout the world. The present study provides information in respect of their identification, standardization of herbal drugs of the folk medicinal practice of present, and enrichment of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia. It is high time now to evaluate scientifically the information stored...
The Methanolic extract of leaves of Annona squamosa (Linn.) has been tested for their anti-obesity property. The extracts were examined for the presence of phytoconstituents, antioxidant activity, digestive enzyme activity, hypoglycaemic effect, hypophagic effect & histology of adipose tissue, and fatty liver changes by using MSG-HFD induced obesity in Swiss albino mice. Animals treated with...
Osteoporosis affects all women, and osteoporotic fractures are more common in menopausal women, which accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. Certain herbs have potential effects in promoting gonadal function, fracture healing and are suitable to counteract/ prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis as compared to synthetic drugs that have been reported for their side effects, including...
Development of Quality by Design (QbD) based sensitive, economic and robust high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for simultaneous estimation of Andrographolide (A), Gallic acid (G) and Quercetin (Q) in herbal extracts. The chromatographic separation was carried on Merck TLC aluminum sheets of silica gel 60 F254 (20 × 10 cm) with a mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate:...
A simple, effective, and sensitive HPLC with UV detector was developed for detection of these biogenic amines metabolites in the urine sample of rodents as biotargets for neurological diseases like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Depression. The method includes the mobile phase combination of acetonitrile (ACN) and o-phosphoric acid (pH 2) in a ratio of (30:70 v/v), pH 2.2; the...
A rapid and stability-indicating Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) method was developed for simultaneous quantification of Ibuprofen and Caffeine in their combined dosage form, especially to get some more advantages over other methods already developed for this combination using Photo Diode Array (PDA) detector. The separation was achieved on a UHP ASB C18 column (2.1 mm X 50 mm,...
The aim of this study is to develop and validate two analytical methods for the simultaneous estimation of Amlodipine besylate (AMLO) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) using simultaneous equations method and absorption ratio method by UV spectrophotometry. Method A involved the simultaneous equations method. The two wavelengths, 238 nm (λ$_{max}$ of AMLO) and 271 nm (λ$_{max}$ of HCTZ), were...
The market is flooded with a combination of drugs in various dosage forms. Multi-component formulations are in demand due to greater patient acceptability, increased potency, multiple actions, fewer side effects, and quicker relief. Analytical methods are needed to analyze multi-component formulations. Among the instrumental method for analysis, there is a renewed interest in UV...
Water quality is a vital concern for humanity as it is directly linked with human welfare. A parameter selection for determining water quality is totally based on the purpose of its use and the extent of required water quality and purity. With this knowledge, this paper deals with the study on analyzing drinking water parameters in a reputed educational institute situated in Muradnagar, i.e.,...
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and in-silico study of imidazopyridine-linked thiazolidinedione promise anticancer agents. A series of imidazopyridine-linked thiazolidinedione rings (6a-h) were synthesized and tested for their antiproliferative activity against a panel of three human cancer cell lines viz., MCF7 (human breast cancer), A549 (human lung cancer), and DU145 (human...
There has been a very high demand for API intermediates to synthesize drugs in recent years. Carbonyl functionality is an essential precursor for drugs and their intermediates synthesis in the pharmaceutical industry. Most widely used carbonyl groups to prepare carboxylic acid, ester, aldehyde, ketones, amine, and amide APIs. We choose carbonyl ketones as a critical starting material for the...
The present work is aimed at designing, synthesizing, and evaluating a library of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole based compounds as anticancer agents through their inhibitory action against Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK2) enzyme. CDK2 is a member of the protein kinase family, which plays a major role in regulating various events of the eukaryotic cell division cycle. It is overexpressed in cancer...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to a decline in cognitive function and behavior. It is characterized by depletion in acetylcholine and butyrylcholine, presence of amyloid deposits, formation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor remains the leading compound for symptomatic relief of AD patients. Thus,...
As evidenced by the WHO database, the pathogenicity and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have increased its infectiousness, making it a fatal disease causing a global health crisis. One of the vital health aims of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is to eradicate tuberculosis by 2030. The rise in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)/ drug-resistant tuberculosis...
Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. is an aromatic perennial herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves. It is member species of the Lamiaceae family. It is used commercially for antispasmodic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, cardiac tonic, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-tumorigenic, antinociceptive, antiasthmatic, and neuroprotective properties. Our study focuses...
Brain aging is characterized by cognitive decline and memory deficits that could be the result of oxidative stress and impaired cholinergic function. Several recent studies have suggested that higher intake and blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids may help to reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. The major dietary sources of these fatty acids are...
The aim of the present study is to formulate and optimize a tinidazole-loaded transfersomal gel. Transfersomes are formed by self-assembly of non-ionic surfactant and soya lecithin upon hydration with an aqueous medium resulting in a lamellar structure that encapsulates both polar and non-polar drugs. It is also a vesicular carrier for drug delivery systems. In the present research work, we...
To optimize the animal model of asthma through TLR4 receptor antagonism mechanism as bacterial infections frequently cause asthma exacerbation. TLR4 responds to bacterial stimulation, putting toll-like receptors (TLRs) at the frontline of our microbial defense. This study showed how TLR4 stimulation and TLR4/MD2 complex inhibition were utilized for AHR allergic asthma management in a mouse...
Fungal infections have shown great concern with the emergence of a high threat to medically compromised patients with low immune systems, especially Candida albicans, with an increased incidence of resistance. For this reason, there is a need for developing innovative dosage forms. Hence, the main objective of this present investigation was to develop nanofibers of voriconazole using various...
Asthma is a condition in which a person’s airways become inflamed, narrow, and swell and produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe. Asthma can be minor or in some cases, it may lead to a life-threatening attack. Curcumin (Curcuma longa) and Vasicine (Adathoda vasica) are traditional Indian medicine used in the treatment of bronchial asthma. They have various pharmacological...
Current research is based on the development and differentiation of transdermal proniosome-based gel. The modified proniosomal gel shows good stability, release, following zero-order kinetics, maximum zeta power is ±49 mV. The pH of the whole composition was close to the skin pH 7.11 to 7.20 the drug content in the formulation was within an estimated range of 92-97%. The composition of the gel...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a non-communicable disorder of multiple etiologies/origins, estimated to affect more than 500 million people worldwide which is 7% of the world population. while there are no pharmacological interventions other than pain management, understanding the mechanism and intertwined pathways is essential for developing a formulation addressing this multifactorial disorder. We...
Orodispersible drug delivery system has shown bioavailability of drug significantly greater than conventional drug delivery system and dissolves rapidly in saliva without the need of water. Trimethobenzamide HCl is an anti-emetic drug and acts within the central nervous system to inhibit the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone by blocking emetic impulses (dopaminergic) to the vomiting center....
Tissue engineering is the discipline that deals with the regeneration of damaged tissues. Nanofibers are the most acceptable substances for the regeneration of tissues because it mimics the extracellular cellular matrix (ECM), so the cells can quickly proliferate on it. Natural polysaccharides are used to develop nanofibers because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability. But certain...
There is a growing concern with chronic wounds in the modern medical era because they do not heal through the usual phases in an orderly and timely manner. Bacterial colonization of Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of chronic wounds. Generally, the wound healing process can be potentiated by increased angiogenesis. Oxidative stress also influences wound healing as it mediates...
Asthma is a chronic reversible allergic inflammatory disease of lung airways that affects millions of people worldwide; even then, only symptomatic treatment is given to control asthma. At present, the low dose inhaled corticosteroids are the standard gold treatment for asthma but have many severe side effects. So, this study aimed to search for a natural potent anti-inflammatory therapeutic...
The aim of the present study was to develop topical nanogel utilizing genistein loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (GEN-NLCs) in order to provide a controlled release and targeting skin epidermis. The different batches of GEN-NLCs were prepared by solvent diffusion method using orthogonal Taguchi optimization design. Then, GEN-NLCs were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters like...
Endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) are synthetic or natural molecules in the environment that promote adverse modifications of endogenous hormone regulation in humans and/or in animals. By interfering with the body’s endocrine system, these chemicals produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune effects in animals, abnormal growth patterns, and neurodevelopmental...
Currently, the epidemiological data showed that almost 6.9% to 10% of individuals suffer from neuropathic pain. Presently, diagnosis of neuropathic pain is done based upon history, physical examination, and category of pain. Due to difficulty in doing a clinical screening of a huge number of populations and an undeveloped gold standard for screening methods, neuropathic pain is considered a...
Inherited mutations of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 and the frequent (30-40%) underexpression of BRCA1 in sporadic breast cancers and 46% of sporadic breast cancers show loss of one BRCA1 allele. These findings suggest that loss or functional inactivation of BRCA1 may contribute to this larger group of cancers. This study aims to find a novel class of BRCA1 mimics for Estrogen...
To develop a simple, accurate, precise, and economical method for the simultaneous estimation of the Lamivudine and Dolutegravir in pharmaceutical dosage form by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) using tunable ultraviolet (TUV) detector. The separation was achieved on an HSS C18 column (2.6 mm X 50 mm, 1.6 µm,) at a wavelength of 260 nm, using a mobile phase disodium hydrogen...
To develop a simple, accurate, precise, and rapid analytical method validation for stability-indicating RP-UPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Metformin, Dapagliflozin, and Saxagliptin in bulk and tablet dosage form. The separation was carried out on CHS C18 (100 x 2.1 mm) 1.7 µm column, with the mobile phase composition of Water: Methanol (50:50 v/v). Flow rate: 0.3 mL/min. UV...
The aim here was to develop a specific, precise, accurate, linear, simple, rapid, validated, and cost-effective stability indicating UPLC-TUV method for the simultaneous estimation of Netarsudil and Latanoprost in bulk drug and ophthalmic preparations. The estimation was carried out on CHS C18 (2.6 x 50 mm, 1.6 µm) column, with the mobile phase composition of 60% 0.1N KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$: 40%...
Neurotoxicity, which occurs due to progressive neuronal inflammation, is one of the globally leading challenges for clinical science nowadays. There are so many drugs that cause an inflammatory response to the nervous system as their adverse effects can result in critical complications to the patients. One such drug is Cyclophosphamide, a well-known anticancer and immunosuppressant drug....
The present work is aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of fruit pulp of Annona squamosa against aluminium chloride-induced Alzheimer’s disease. Male Wistar rats were selected in this study and were divided into five groups (6 each). Group, I served as standard control. Group II received aluminium chloride (17 mg/kg, P.O.). Group III received rivastigmine (0.3 mg/kg, I.P.)...
Herbal transdermal patches can develop valuable assessment and drug safety by additional site-specific the way and temporal position in the body’s imperative to reduce the number and size of doses required to achieve the objective of systemic medication during topical application to the intact skin surface. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease of unknown...
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally after heart disease, and unfortunately, its incidence is rapidly growing. Thiazole derivatives are currently one of the most frequently studied compounds in anticancer drug discovery due to the easy optimization of the structure and the ability to synthesize a wide group of derivatives. Therefore, discovering new drugs with very high...
Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is one of the most widely used condiments for various pharmacological activities. The area of ACV research is a multi-dimensional and interdisciplinary research domain. The recent research works showed that ACV is not only beneficial for weight loss, antibacterial, antifungal, cardiovascular activity but also it has anti-cancer, anti-Alzheimer’s activity. Although...
A new simple, accurate, and economical reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the estimation of Tolterodine in bulk and tablet dosage form. The separation was eluted on Agilent TC C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm; 5 μm) using a mobile phase mixture of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid and methanol in a ratio of 50:50 v/v at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The detection...
Skin diseases, especially Leucoderma (or) Vitiligo, is an important widespread disease all over the world. Vitiligo is a skin condition characterized by “White patches resulting from the loss of pigment. Cleome chelidonii Linn. is a traditional plant belonging to the family Capparaceae. It is grown as perennials throughout dry seasons. It has pink rose (or) white color flowers. (Tamil...
Epilepsy is one of the most common serious neurological disorders, responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality due to the limited efficacy and negative properties of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy treatment is based on the use of drugs that aim to inhibit repetitive neuronal discharges, and consequently, the recurrence of seizures. However, despite the large number of antiepileptic...
In this present research work, we have designed a suppositories formulation by applying a quality by design approach. We have successfully developed suppositories of mefenamic acid to meet the optimized requirement of our suppository formulation. Our main aim was to develop suppositories to target mefenamic acid via the rectal route. The fusion and molding method was used to prepare...
This research project aimed to design and synthesize hydrazide schiff base derivatives as an antimicrobial agent. Thus the objective was to perform in-silico studies of the designed compounds, synthesize, accomplish spectral analyses, and assess in-vitro antimicrobial activity. In-silico physicochemical properties using Molinspiration Cheminformatics software and computational toxicity studies...
In the recent era of research and development, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most attractive nanomaterial in the development of nanomedicines due to their specific and distinctive physiochemical properties. Nanotechnology deals with the Nanoparticles having a size of 1-100 nm in one dimension used significantly concerning medical chemistry, atomic physics, and all other known fields....
Ischemic stroke is a commonly encountered and severe symptom of cerebral ischemia and other cerebrovascular disorder. It is a condition characterized by the rapid onset of cerebral injury resulting due to rupturing or obstructed blood supply in the brain. Stroke every year claims approximately 5 million lives globally and renders the same number bedridden with severe morbid states. Stroke is a...
This study investigated the utility of chemically modified xanthan gum (XG) for controlled drug delivery of Lornoxicam. Lornoxicam belongs to an oxicam class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It inhibits the cyclooxygenase enzyme and thereby interferes with prostaglandins synthesis. Chemical modification of xanthan gum was carried out by using a thiol-esterification reaction employing...
Covid-19 vaccination drives are rolling out globally. However, there is a need to identify effective treatment on SARS-CoV-2 and its non-synonym variants. In pandemic urgency, discovering a new drug is impossible considering the time scale and attrition rate. Thus, the concept of repurposing labeled or already approved drugs to treat Covid-19 would be a logical choice for new drug development...
To determine the comparative studies of analytical methods for simultaneous estimation of drug Meropenem and Sulbactam sodium in bulk and parenteral preparation. Literature survey reveals that techniques have been developed to estimate Meropenem and Sulbactam sodium individually. No method has been reported to evaluate Meropenem and Sulbactam sodium in combined form. Hence the above...
We start with a short historical perspective of computational approaches in analytical research and development and discuss its current feature set. In contrast, during the development of a new chemical entity, the computational tools might be plays an important role and primed up growth. The enhancement of research and developments by the route of new or existing computational approaches...
PIM kinases are members of the class of kinase family serine/ threonine kinases, which play a crucial role in cancer development. As there is no drug in the market against PIM-1, kinase has transpired as a budding and captivating target for discovering new anticancer agents targeting PIM-1 kinase. The current research pondered the development of new PIM-1 kinase inhibitors by applying a...
Periodontitis is one of the most widespread oral inflammatory infectious diseases affecting the oral cavity. This study aims to develop and characterize a more effective syringeable curcumin in-situ gel to treat Periodontitis and evaluate its clinical effectiveness. Curcumin in-situ gel was formulated by the cold method using temperature-sensitive (Poloxamer 188, 407), pH-sensitive (Carbopol...
Catechins, an herbal polyphenolic flavonoid found in green tea, have received considerable attention due to their favorable biological properties, including cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer effects. The aim of the present work is to develop biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based oral drug delivery for encapsulation and controlled release of polyphenol compound Catechin....
Tea tree oil is a yellow liquid extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia. It has an excellent antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory activity, which is used topically in niosomal gel for bacterial infection. Tea Tree oil-loaded noisome was prepared by thin-film hydration technique. Nine different batches are prepared by changing cholesterol: span 60 ratios, hydrating speed, and hydrating...
The aim of this work was to design a small molecule inhibitor of CYP1B1 enzyme by computational approach and performing synthesis and biological evaluation of a small library of synthesized molecules. Selective inhibitors of CYP isoforms are important in the treatment of cancers caused by hormonal imbalance. This could avoid the severe mechanism-based toxicities or off-target effect as CYP1B1...
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of mortality in oncology, and EGFR-TK plays a critical role in this disease. As a result, EGFR-TK is a viable target for therapeutic development in NSCLC. The T790M EGFR TK mutation was resistant to both first-generation and second-generation (selectivity issue) EGFR TK inhibitors. Although third-generation drugs (Osimertinib) can...
Dengue has continued to affect most of the nations of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, it has in no way given respite in the Covid era too as cases seem to be on the rise in the year 2020 and 2021. The pandemic period has imposed a significant strain on all nations’ medical infrastructure, and the emergence of dengue and the possibility of a dengue-Covid co-infection adds to...
A new series of 2-phenyl-3-substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivative was synthesized. All compounds were characterized by FTIR, $^{1}$H-NMR, $^{13}$C-NMR, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis. Obtained compounds were evaluated for hDHFR inhibition compared to the reported drug Trimethoprim (IC$_{50}$=10 µM). Primarily test compounds have produced hDHFR inhibition in the range of 4-24 µM. Docking...
The research work deals with the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of 6substituted-4-hydroxy-1-(2-substituted thiazole-4-yl)-quinoline-2(1H)-one derivative [III(a-d)(1-3)] and evaluation of their in vitro anticancer activity against MDA-MB (Breast cancer) and A549 (Lung cancer) cell lines. A series of substituted thiazole-4-yl-quinolin-2(1H)-one derivative [III(a-d)(1-3)]...
The current investigation aimed to design, synthesize, and characterize novel anti-inflammatory drugs for superior action and reduce concomitant effects. Novel disubstituted metal complex compounds of 2-(1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) acetic acid derivatives were designed, synthesized, characterized. The compounds were synthesized through amide intermediates. Virtual screening of synthesized...
Monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A/B) are FAD-containing enzymes found in the outer mitochondrial membrane and are responsible for the oxidative deamination of biogenic monoamines. The tissue distribution of MAO-B is more (80%) in the brain. The high concentration of MAO-B in the brain decreases dopamine level and increase oxidative stress. On the other hand, acetylcholinesterase (AChE)...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem that causes morbidity and mortality in developing countries. TB is one of the significant causes of death worldwide from single infectious agents after covid19, ranking above HIV/AIDS. It is estimated that one-third of the entire human population is infected with this disease. In 2020, there were an estimated 1.3 million deaths among...
With reference to our previously reported work on imidazoles, herein our objectives are to report the molecular docking studies of the synthesized imidazole analogs 2(a-f) into the non-nucleoside inhibitory binding pocket (NNIBP) of HIV-1-reverse transcriptase (PDB ID: 1RT2). The methodology consisted of the drawing of the chemical structures in Chem Office version 15.0.0.106 and the docking...
The increasing cancer burden together with population growth as well as the changing prevalence of certain causes of cancer linked to social and economic development, the presence of drug resistance, etc. leads to the search for newer therapeutic agents. The aim of the present study is to synthesize the series of coumarin pyrazoline hybrid with sulphonamide derivatives for evaluating their...
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects roughly 463 million people, with the number expected to climb to 700 million by 2045. The most frequently observed adverse effects of antidiabetic drugs (e.g., thiazolidinedione) are weight gain and hepatotoxicity. This study aims to synthesize a series of novel thiazolidine-4-one ring-bearing molecules with improved antidiabetic activity with...
Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) is a common bacterium it causes gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. It affects half of the world’s population. The purpose of the research work has been to develop levofloxacin hemihydrate-loaded mucoadhesive alginate beads to treat H. pylori infection. Formulations were prepared by ion gelation method using various concentrations of sodium alginate,...
The study aims to develop and optimize eberconazole (EBZ) loaded niosomes using Central-Composite Design and their preliminary evaluations. EBZ loaded niosomes were developed using ether injection method containing gelucire 48/16 (Nonionic surfactant) and cholesterol as an additive agent. These formulations were statistically optimized using the Central composite experimental design. Leica...
A simple, sensitive, rapid, reliable, and economic RP-HPLC method was developed & validated for simultaneous estimation of Telmisartan and gallic acid in bulk and a pharmaceutical dosage form. One of the prominent causes of hypertension is oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species. Gallic acid is a polyphenolic drug, having a very good antioxidative property that reduces oxidative...
The appearance of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) marker proteins 10-15 years earlier in the asymptomatic period makes them a versatile target for detecting and quantifying AD etiology. We aim to develop novel near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging agents for the selective detection of the pathological hallmarks of the disease, such as Aβ and tau aggregates. Early detection can help effective AD...
The aim here is to optimize and characterize the chitosan-coated nanoparticles of Forskolin and Rutin for ocular delivery for the treatment of glaucoma. Forskolin and Rutin nanoparticles coated with chitosan were prepared by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. A four-factor three-level Box-Behneken design was used to investigate the influence of independent variables on particle size and...
SARS-CoV-2, single-strand RNA viruses known as betacoronavirus in Coronaviridae causing the Covid-19 epidemic with high infectivity and fatality rates. The severity of the epidemic and un-attainability of highly efficacious and specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2, dire need of therapies, researchers are rushing to identify strategies to combat Covid-19 from existing labeled drugs. These already...
Our main aim of the study was conducted to assess the larvicidal activity of Andrographis echiodies against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti larvae. 100 larvae of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were exposed to each concentration of both ethanolic and methanolic crude extract of Andrographis echiodies in a volume of 100 mL. To minimize the error five replicates were employed with respective...
Huntington’s disease (HD), commonly known as Huntington’s chorea, is a hereditary neurodegenerative illness. Huntington’s disease is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative condition marked by uncontrollable movements, cognitive impairment, and severe degradation of basal ganglia neurons in the neostriatum. Huntington’s disease (HD) causes cognitive and psychological disability due to neuronal...
Helminthiasis, also known as worm infection, is any macroparasitic disease of humans and other animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms, known as helminths. There are numerous species of these parasites, which are broadly classified into tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms. Acalypha indica is a medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional medicine to treat...
Identifying common dietary substances capable of affording protection or modulating the onset and severity of arthritis may have important human health implications. A eugenol and curcumin fraction isolated from Syzgium aromaticum and Curcuma longa has been shown to possess antiarthritis in experimental animals. In this study, we determined the effect of collagen-induced arthritis in rats....
The liver plays a crucial role in the metabolic elimination of most drugs and other foreign compounds, thus making it an important target for toxicity. The hepatotoxic response is expressed in the characteristic form of cell death in specific zones of acinar regions in the liver. Keeping the above perspectives in mind, the herb, RV forte (resveratrol-based formulation) capsules, and TCCT...
Among all side effects seen, those associated with the effects of anticancer therapy on the bone marrow (BM) represent a potentially dangerous and even life-threatening circumstance. Because most anticancer treatments affect rapidly dividing cells preferentially, BM is an ideal target for these effects. This is the primary reason that myelosuppression is among the complications most frequently...
Anti-tubercular drugs (ATD) are the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure in India. The most effective first-line antitubercular drugs (ATD), Isoniazid (INH), and Rifampicin (RIF) have been used to treat tuberculosis (TB). The majority of potent ATDs, including INH, RIF, and Pyrazinamide, are hepatotoxic. When these medications are used together, the risk of hepatotoxicity...
Excessive exposure to UV rays causes hyperpigmentation, premature aging, and skin cancer. Due to these harmful effects of UV radiation, there is a need to develop sunscreen formulations to heal and prevent sunburn and increase the level of protection from the UV rays. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds have a good capacity to absorb UV rays in UV-A region and possess good antioxidant activity....
Fast dissolving oral films are drug delivery systems of the new day having one of the highest patient compliance, safety & are economical than most other dosage forms. Hydrophilic polymers, when in contact with water, get hydrated and thus show drug release if used as a vehicle. Hydrophilic polymers also show an adherence property post hydration. Thus the hydrating and adhering properties of...
The current study aimed to prepare the stable amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) and effervescence solid dispersions (ESD) of the poorly water-soluble Glibenclamide (GLB) and to enhance its solubility and physical stability. For this purpose, Kollidone VA 64, PEG-3350, and Gelucire 50/13 were selected as water-soluble carriers. The miscibility of the drug and carrier was predicted by molecular...
Medicinal plants are an important source for the development of antifungal agents. The objective of the present study was to develop an antifungal emulgel using Calotropis gigantea latex extract. Emulgel comes to favor the hydrophobic drugs to give the advantage of gel. Emulgel has several advantages in the field of dermatology such as being thixotropic, greaseless, easily spreadable, easily...
More than 80% of peptic ulcer diseases are caused by H. pylori infection. The purpose of the study was to formulate and evaluate the floating microspheres of Levofloxacin hemihydrate to treat H.pylori infection. The floating microspheres of Levofloxacin hemihydrate were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion technique using HPMC K100M, EC used as polymers. SEM, drug entrapment efficiency...
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a common worldwide infection and an important cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The purpose of the study was to prepare levofloxacin (LVF) floating tablets for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Floating tablets of Levofloxacin were prepared by direct compression using different hydrocolloid polymers such as hydroxypropyl...
The study was conducted to develop a gastro-retentive tablet of carvedilol by raft forming system for the treatment of hypertension. It was achieved by the formulation of carvedilol tablets using different polymers in variable ratios. The raft drug delivery provides drug delivery for more than eighteen hours by forming a gel-like structure. Preparation of gastro retentive tablet using raft...
This study aims to formulate and evaluate nanoparticles with a magnetite-silk core-shell for targeted drug delivery and gene therapy. Gene therapy has demonstrated considerable promise in treating a variety of disorders. Using the salting-out method with potassium phosphate (>0.8 M) results in the formation of silk fibroin nanoparticles with a mean size of 475-1100 nm in a mostly process. The...
About 70% of the population suffers from dental problems. Oral antimicrobial agents are used to treat the infections occurred in the periodontal cavity. The objective of the presented study was to reduce the frequency of Doxycycline administration and to prolong the duration of action for better patient compliance in periodontitis by formulating a temperature-sensitive oral in situ gelling...
The present study is concerned with the formulation and optimization of famotidine mucoadhesive tablets by using a central composite design. The concentrations of Cordia dichotoma dried mucilage powder (X1) and PVP (X2) were selected as independent variables. In-vitro mucoadhesion time and percentage drug release were selected as dependent variables. The model was found to be nonlinear and the...
Otitis media is a middle ear infection that clears within a week but requires repeated administration of the drug. Topical available marketed solution when instilled, rapidly eliminated from ear cavity if the patient had not kept the head inclined. To overcome the issues related to the conventional drop, in the presented study, Levofloxacin hemihydrate was incorporated in a poloxamer-based...
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are aimed to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. The purpose of the present study was to determine the technique which provided maximum solubility of ASD of Diclofenac sodium with suitable polymer and buffer media. ASDs can be prepared using various methods. In this experiment, ASDs of BCS Class 2 drug Diclofenac sodium were prepared using...
Azadiracta indicia is an herbal medicine which is used for various ailments. We have made efforts to bring a new formulation of toothpaste with more stable in terms of rheological behavior, long-term protection and stability in diverse conditions. The aim of the present study is the formulation of new herbal toothpaste and its evaluations along with stability studies. The plant *Azadiracta...
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent frequently used in combination therapy to treat diversified cancers. However, it possesses poor permeability and a short half-life. For the first time, the synthesis of gallic acid-stearyl amine (GA-SA) conjugate combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for the treatment of actinic keratosis in A431 human epidermal carcinoma cell line by the...
This study aims to design and evaluate oral sustained release matrix tablets of BCS class 2 anti-anginal drug using Eudragit L 100-55 as the retardant polymer and mannitol as a channeling agent for the delivery of anti-anginal drug as twice-daily dose. The tablets were made using the traditional wet granulation approach. Weight variation, hardness, friability, and drug content were all...
One of the primary goals behind our present work is to improve further the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition property of compound 2e. The main objective of this study is to carry out further modification on the phenolic OH group of ferulic acid (FA) to improve upon the AChE inhibition activity without compromising antioxidant properties for the management of AD. We rationally selected 2e...
Drug discovery is one of the key interests of several researchers, profit organizations, and non-profit organizations. The discovery process usually takes a long duration of time out which a greater percentage of the time, money is used for the synthesis of an efficient and safe molecule. The current research approaches are mostly focused on the development of new molecules by harming mother...
Nanotechnology has been recognized as one of the sprouting inter-disciplinary research fields. Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) has gained increased attention due to their unique properties and multifaceted applications. The development of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is becoming an area of concern which has led to renewed interests in investigating the potency of AgNP. Green chemistry...
In recent decades the healthcare expand lots in disease diagnosis and their treatments will with the help of different traditional and conventional ways but due to many limitations they are not applied in the gastroretentive drug delivery system because they don’t have good gastric residence time so to overcome such problems we move on these gastroretentive drug delivery system which has...
Zandu haldi drops is a one-of-a-kind recipe designed to improve immunity and overall health. It contains the goodness of saffron, cinnamon, cardamom, and black pepper, in addition to Haldi. Hence, the present work was aimed at the determination of haldi (turmeric) in Haldi drops by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) with reference to the marker compound curcumin. The standard...
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a protein tyrosine kinase, has been overexpressed in cancer cells and plays a pivotal role in the proliferation of tumor malignancy. There is no FDA-approved and marketed the drug as FAK inhibitor for clinical use by far. This calls for a dire need to advance an area of active FAK inhibitors as possible anticancer entities. In the present study, applying...
Periodontal disease is the most common chronic inflammatory illness in humans, affecting the teeth’ supporting connective tissue and cementum, bone resorption, leukocyte infiltration, and periodontal pocket formation, such as the gum or gingival tissues the periodontal ligament. Periodontal disease is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease in humans, and its incidence has been...
Self micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) is a transparent, physically stable micro-emulsion with a droplet size of less than 50 nm. In the presented study, solubility of bosentan monohydrate (BM) was improved by formulating SMEDDS using oils, surfactant, co-surfactant and to improve the stability; the optimized formulation was converted into a solid dosage form. Initially, the...
Out of the various therapeutic targets available for diabetes mellitus (DM), dipeptidyl peptidase4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are found to be the safest, effective, and tolerable target. They act naturally to control blood glucose levels and improve nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular complications. Some phytoconstituents such as cirsmaritin (IC$_{50}$ = 0.43±0.07 μM), hispidulin (IC$_{50}$ =...
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections affecting the human race. Although it is prevalent in the female gender, it also affects men. Escherichia coli are one of the most common culprits causing UTI in 90% of the cases. Ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones have been successfully used to treat UTI caused by E. coli. However, this bacteria has obtained Multiple...
Benzimidazole, a fused heterocycle bearing benzene and imidazole, has gained considerable attention from medicinal chemists worldwide. The moiety is of substantial importance because of its wide array of pharmacological activities, including but not limited to antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimalarial, and antitubercular activity, etc. Considering the...
Heterocyclic compounds containing the five-membered oxadiazole nucleus have a diversity of beneficial biological effects, substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties possess exciting activities such as analgesic, antimicrobial, antitubercular, anticonvulsant, and anti-hepatitis B viral activities. The main objective of this work is to report the study of a series of substituted 1,3,5-oxadiazole...
Benzotriazole is a heterocyclic molecule that has many biological actions such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimalarial, and antitubercular activity. The objective of this work is to report the study of a series of designed benzotriazole derivatives that have been examined for their molecular docking in the non-nucleoside inhibitory binding pocket...
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) plays a vital role in tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and embryogenesis. 3D-QSAR and molecular docking methods are widely used to design new compounds to determine inhibitory activity against the biological target. In the present study, 3D-QSAR (CoMFA and CoMSIA) and molecular docking analysis were performed on 1,6-naphthyridines and...
Tuberculosis is ubiquitous, the 13$^{th}$ underlying cause of death & the second significant communicable disease after Covid-19. Antibiotic resistance is the chief obstruction in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To accomplish prevention from extensively drug-resistant & multi-drug-resistant TB peptides with minor side effects, high potency against Mycobacterium protein tyrosine...
Chemical stability of pharmaceutical molecules is a matter of great concern as it affects the safety and efficacy of the drug product. Some degradation products and impurities may even have toxic effects. Therefore, it is very important to develop proper stability indicating method for Melatonin which possibly be used for stability testing and routine analysis. A rapid, sensitive with...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. Currently, more than 50 million people are suffering from dementia worldwide. Neuropathologically it is characterized by the presence of extracellular Amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary Tau protein tangles in the brain. Literature reveals that a crucial target to relieve symptoms of AD is Acetylcholinesterase...
Acacia auriculiformis Benth. has been traditionally known to cure various medical ailments such as sore eyes, allergy, rheumatism, and rashes. The present study was designed to confirm the wound healing efficacy of methanol leaves extract of A. auriculiformis. The leaves extracts were prepared in different solvents i.e., petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, butanol, and...
The current work is designed to synthesize fluorescent carbon nanodots (CDs) by microwave treatment of Buchnania lanzan leaves extract. The methanolic extract of Buchnania lanzan leaves serves as the carbon precursor for CDs synthesis. Leaves extract was initially treated in a microwave oven, and the residue obtained was cooled at room temperature, and then it was reconstituted with...
Presented work was aimed for optimization of poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) PLGA based microsphere formulation for schizophrenia which provides 15 days sustained release for antipsychotic drug. The parenteral intramuscular route is the most preferable route of administration for efficient delivery of active substances with poor bioavailability and with a narrow therapeutic index....
Major depression is a common long-lasting or recurrent psychiatric disease with high lifetime prevalence and high incidence of suicide. It is the second leading cause of morbidity and also leads to suicide. Depression has a cluster of distinguishable symptoms, including psychological, behavioral, and physical changes that are seen due to alterations in monoamines, i.e., norepinephrine and...
Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae) is an indigenous medicinal herb that has been recommended for fever, sore throat, pain, malaria, asthma, cuts, wounds, obstructive urination, diabetes, cancer, earache, etc. The research aimed to screen the phytoconstituents and evaluate the toxicity profile, antimicrobial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity using various experimental animal models....
The increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the development of natural antimicrobial substances with minimal health risks. Medicinal plants’ antimicrobial effects are becoming more well known around the world. Mangroves are biochemically distinctive in that they create a wide range of novel natural compounds, including steroids, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids,...
Memecylon umellatum Burm. (Synonym. Memecylon edule) belongs to the family Melastomataceae. It is a larges ornamental shrub or small tree found in the coastal region of deccan peninsula and eastern parts of India. The leaves of Memecylon umbellatum have been used traditionally to treat various infection and inflammatory conditions. The plant is the richest source of flavonoids and...
Wound healing is the progression of repair that follows injury to the skin and other soft tissues. Collagen, a chief structural protein has been discussed by many researchers for its active role in the natural healing process. Fish mainly contains type-I collagen and it contributes to the formation of the dermis layer of the skin. Based on the beneficial effects of collagen on wound healing,...
Since time immemorial, nature has always been kind enough towards humanity to provide a plethora of natural resources that have always benefited humans. Most of the currently employed therapeutic agents are derived from natural sources, i.e., plants, animals, and other natural resources. Flaxseed or linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is one such annual herb that has contributed enormously to...
The present investigation develops controlled release matrix type transdermal patches of diltiazem hydrochloride using natural and biodegradable polymer hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose. Any type of formulation that allows a drug substance to transit from outside of the skin through the layers of skin to underlying tissues and finally into the systemic circulation to exert a pharmacological...
The literature review reveals that soyalecithin is used as a lubricant and increases poorly soluble drugs' solubility. The present investigation was undertaken to prepare a glibenclamide tablet using soyalecithin as a lubricant and a solubility enhancer. Microcrystalline cellulose is added as disintegrant—magnesium stearate, a lubricant. Pre and post-compression studies were compared....
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) emerged in December 2019; from (Wuhan) China has now become an emergency of major international concern. It is a highly contagious disease that is believed to be a mutated form of SARS (2002) and MERS (2012) virus, causing approximately 3.7% mortality rate worldwide. The main cause of mortality is clusters of severe respiratory illness...
Brassica nigra is a traditional medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of asthma and rheumatism. The present study evaluated the antiarthritic properties of different doses of developed herbosome formulation and compared them with the plain extract. The herbosome formulation was developed using lipid concentration and cholesterol concentration as independent parameters wherein particle...
The Nipah virus, a paramyxovirus with Pteropus bats as its animal reservoir, was initially detected in a significant outbreak of severe encephalitis in Malaysia in 1998 among people who came into contact with ill pigs. Humans are already sensitive to the Nipah virus; many strains are capable of limited person-to-person transmission, and, as an RNA virus, it has an extraordinarily high rate of...
A simple, precise, and rapid reverse phase HPLC- SPD 20-A method has been developed and validated to simultaneously estimate Levosulpiride (LEVO) and Pantoprazole (PANTO) in a capsule dosage form. The mixture of LEVO and PANTO was separated on a C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm) using phosphate buffer: methanol (50:50) and pH seven adjusted with dilute orthophosphoric acid a mobile phase. All...
Solubility is the major problem for many pharmaceutical API. Almost 40% of Drugs have solubility issues. Various techniques can enhance solubility, but solid dispersion by solvent evaporation technique is considered a cost-effective and straightforward technique. The solid dispersion of Glimepiride was prepared by using the solvent evaporation method by adding Glimepiride and carriers such as...
Tuberculosis was a major public health problem and highly prevalent in India. The treatment of tuberculosis is becoming more challenging; it requires accurate and early diagnosis, screening of drug resistance, and effective directly observed therapy and short course. Metal complexes are already in clinical use and encourage further studies for new metallodrugs in the treatment of tuberculosis....
The recent upsurge of viral infections due to viruses such as Ebola, Chikungunya, Zika, Nipah, SARS-CoV-2 led to global distress that drove the focal point on the development of promising antiviral molecules. We have centered our research mainly on the development of potential molecules against Chikungunya which outbreaks into a severe epidemic. Although there is no definite treatment, studies...
Sansevieria cylindrica (SC) and Plumeria obtusa (PO) plants have been investigated for diverse pharmacological activities, but the safety and/or mechanism of toxicity is still lacking in the literature. Subacute toxicity studies will add value to the drug's pharmacological profile. The dose of drugs for this study was decided by limit test. The present study evaluated the toxic potential...
Drug design and discovery in the modern era necessitates rapid and co-optimization of multiple parameters. The quality and quantity of data for drug discovery should be more predictive and accurate for respective models. There should be a holistic approach to improvise the several parameters required in drug design and discovery. Drug design approaches have been categorized broadly as rational...
A thiazolidinedione (TZD), also known as a glitazone, is a five-membered carbon ring molecule commonly used to treat Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. There have also been numerous prospective studies that have confirmed these compounds’ anti-proliferative efficacy, despite side effects such as hepatotoxicity, water retention, and cardiac complications. We have synthesized 12 new TZD...
In the present study, 3, 4-dichloroacetophenone on condensation with different aromatic aldehydes in aqueous ethanolic solution yield corresponding chalcones. These chalcones react with phenylhydrazine obtained,1, 3, 5-triaryl-2-pyrazoline derivatives. All the prepared compounds were characterized by IR, NMR spectral data, and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds screened for various...
Metal complexes of organic compounds are being widely studied for various pharmacological activities, especially as anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Schiff bases are very good ligands that can readily form complexes with various metals like Pt, Ru, Au, Ag, Fe, Co, Cu, etc. Cinnamaldehyde is reported to possess anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Thiazoles form a part of drugs like...
DHPM scaffold were reported to exhibit versatile biological activities. These derivatives possess antimicrobial property which reviewed from the literature. These is a very few study carried out on azo coupled dihydropyrimidinones. So the study focused towards the synthesis of azo coupled DHPMs and the synthesized compounds evaluated for antifungal actions against A. flavus. Synthesis of...
In Search of novel Eg5 inhibitory agents, new series of quinoline-based Schiff bases molecules were designed, synthesized, and their structures were elucidated using FTIR, $^{1}$H-NMR, $^{13}$C-NMR, and mass spectral analysis. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their Steady-state ATPase and Malachite Green Assays. The results of Malachite Green Assay revealed that compound...
Ischemic stroke is a chronic debilitating condition having co-morbidities running in parallel. Stroke can be referred to as a state of hypoperfusion of any organ, brain, and heart suffer the most as they are most sensitive to ischemic and hypoxic insults. Extensive research has shown that transient, sublethal ischemic episodes condition these cells and prevent them from the severe episodes of...
Zandu haldi drops a one-of-a-kind recipe designed to improve immunity and overall health. It contains the goodness of saffron, cinnamon, cardamom, and black pepper, in addition to haldi. Hence, the present work aimed to determine black pepper in haldi drops by UV spectroscopy with reference to the marker compound piperine. The standard curve was prepared by weighing accurately 1 mg of piperine...